Quantensensorik
Quantum Sensing

Modul PH2317

Diese Modulbeschreibung enthält neben den eigentlichen Beschreibungen der Inhalte, Lernergebnisse, Lehr- und Lernmethoden und Prüfungsformen auch Verweise auf die aktuellen Lehrveranstaltungen und Termine für die Modulprüfung in den jeweiligen Abschnitten.

Modulversion vom WS 2022/3 (aktuell)

Von dieser Modulbeschreibung gibt es historische Versionen. Eine Modulbeschreibung ist immer so lange gültig, bis sie von einer neuen abgelöst wird.

Ob die Lehrveranstaltungen des Moduls in einem spezifischen Semester angeboten werden, finden Sie im Abschnitt Lehrveranstaltungen, Lern- und Lehrmethoden und Literaturhinweise unten.

verfügbare Modulversionen
WS 2022/3WS 2021/2

Basisdaten

PH2317 ist ein Semestermodul in Englisch auf Master-Niveau das im Wintersemester angeboten wird.

Das Modul ist Bestandteil der folgenden Kataloge in den Studienangeboten der Physik.

  • Spezifischer Spezialfachkatalog Physik der kondensierten Materie
  • Spezifischer Spezialfachkatalog Applied and Engineering Physics
  • Fokussierungsrichtung Experimentelle Quantenwissenschaften & -technologien im M.Sc. Quantum Science & Technology
  • Komplementärer Spezialfachkatalog Kern-, Teilchen- und Astrophysik
  • Komplementärer Spezialfachkatalog Biophysik

Soweit nicht beim Export in einen fachfremden Studiengang ein anderer studentischer Arbeitsaufwand ("Workload") festgelegt wurde, ist der Umfang der folgenden Tabelle zu entnehmen.

GesamtaufwandPräsenzveranstaltungenUmfang (ECTS)
150 h 45 h 5 CP

Inhaltlich verantwortlich für das Modul PH2317 ist Martin Brandt.

Inhalte, Lernergebnisse und Voraussetzungen

Inhalt

Amongst the various quantum technologies being developed, quantum sensing stands out: It has become a real-world application operating at room temperature and is being used to measure magnetic and electric fields, temperature, pressure and, yes, gravitation. This module will introduce you to the basic physics behind this exciting technology, will demonstrate a specific realisation based on so-called color centers in considerable detail and will discuss how to push the limits of quantum sensing. We will start by reviewing quantum mechanical two-level systems and their representation in the Bloch sphere, spins and their dynamics including relaxation and decoherence as well as magnetic resonance and the pulse sequences used to study it. We will introduce the nitrogen-vacancy complex in diamond and will learn how to measure dc and ac magnetometry using this atomic scale sensor to realise, e.g., NMR spectrometers capable of analysing minute samples. In the second part of the module, we will take a step back and look at the fundamentals of the quantum mechanical measurements process including the standard quantum limit, quantum non-demolition measurements as well as squeezed states and present examples from solid state physics for the field of quantum or cavity optomechanics as well as spin ensembles where these concepts are put to practice.

Lernergebnisse

After successful completion of the module the students are able to:

  • Describe a two-level system in the Bloch sphere

  • Calculate spin dynamics

  • Explain magnetic resonance, dephasing, relaxation and decoherence

  • Describe the electronic levels and dynamics of color centers such as the NV complex

  • Develop the major pulse sequences used for quantum sensing

  • Discuss the sensitivity limits reached so far for NV-based magnetometry

  • Derive the standard quantum limit

  • Discuss quantum non-demolition measurements

  • Depict quantum states in the Wigner representation

  • Introduce cavity optomechanics

  • Judge new concepts for quantum sensing

    • Voraussetzungen

    Keine Vorkenntnisse nötig, die über die Zulassungsvoraussetzungen zum Masterstudium hinausgehen.

    Lehrveranstaltungen, Lern- und Lehrmethoden und Literaturhinweise

    Lehrveranstaltungen und Termine

    WS 2022/3 WS 2021/2
    ArtSWSTitelDozent(en)TermineLinks
    VO 2 Quantum Sensing Brandt, M. Bucher, D. Hübl, H. Mi, 10:00–12:00, ZNN 0.001
    		 eLearning
    UE 1 Exercise to Quantum Sensing
    Leitung/Koordination: Brandt, M.     		Termine in Gruppen

    Lern- und Lehrmethoden

    The module consists of a lecture series and exercise classes. During the lectures, the blackboard is used for the introduction of physical concepts, derivations and quantitative analyses. Experimental setups and results are presented and discussed with the help of overhead projection. In particular to visualise the time evolution of quantum mechanical states on the Bloch sphere, numerical simulations are performed, demonstrated live via overhead projection. The problem classes help the students to familiarise themselves with the concepts used in quantum sensing. About 2/3 of the exercises can be done with paper and pencil. In the remaining exercises, the students perform their own simulations and visualisations, which should help them to further understand and in the future apply the pulse sequences used in quantum sensing and developed in this module.

    Medienformen

    Presentations (using blackboard and overhead projection), live numerical simulations and exercises in the problem class. Material presented and software used is made available via Moodle. A script is provided accompanying the blackboard lectures at the end of the semester.

    Literatur

    S. Brandt, H. D. Dahmen, The Picture Book of Quantum Mechanics, 4th ed. (Springer, 2012)

    M. L. Levitt, Spin Dynamics, 2nd ed. (Wiley, 2008)

    C. L. Degen, F. Reinhard, P. Cappellaro, Reviews of Modern Physics 89, 035002 (2017)

    J. F. Barry et al., Reviews of Modern Physics 92, 015004 (2020)

    V. Braginsky, Quantum Measurement (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1995)

    U. Leonhardt, Measuring the Quantum State of Light (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1997)

    Modulprüfung

    Beschreibung der Prüfungs- und Studienleistungen

    There will be an oral exam of 25 minutes duration. Therein the achievement of the competencies given in section learning outcome is tested exemplarily at least to the given cognition level using comprehension questions and sample calculations.

    For example an assignment in the exam might be:

    • Describe a quantum mechanical two-level system with the help of a Bloch sphere!
    • Derive the Rabi frequency!
    • Describe the electronic states of the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy complex in diamond!
    • How would you measure a magnetic field with an NV center?
    • What is ac magnetometry and what are its benefits?
    • How do you define the sensitivity of a measurement and what kind of typical noise sources do occur?
    • Interpret the standard quantum limit!
    • Define a squeezed state! Describe their application to quantum sensing!

    In the exam no learning aids are permitted.

    Participation in the exercise classes is strongly recommended since the exercises prepare for the problems of the exam and rehearse the specific competencies.

    Wiederholbarkeit

    Eine Wiederholungsmöglichkeit wird am Semesterende angeboten.

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